Methods
I'm taking sample data with a few different types of outliers, and calculating the slope and intercept using the following methods:
- linear regression
- Theil-Sen estimator
- RANSAC method
- least trimmed squares method (LTS)
For all but LTS, I used scikit-learn. I wrote a custom implementation of LTS because I could not find a nice one when I searched. The LTS algorithm is basically:
- randomly sample 60% of the points, perform simple linear regression on them, and repeat 20 times
- keep the sample from step 1 that gave you the best score
- replace a point in the sample with another point from the original pool of data, perform simple linear regression, and calculate the score; if it improved, keep the newpoint; repeat a bunch of times
Results
I used three outlier types:
- 20% of points are all way-off in the same direction
- 20% of points have large, random errors added to them
- 1 point is massively off; error is 50x the total scale of the data
Overall, simple linear regression resulted in noticeable errors for all three outlier types. All three of the other methods worked well, and LTS and Theil-Sen gave the best results for this specific data set and outlier type.
With an outlier free slope of 1 and intercept of 0, these are the results:
outliers in one direction
ideal slope: 1
ideal intercept: 0
simple linear regression slope: 0.647
simple linear regression intercept: -1.503
RANSAC slope: 1.03
RANSAC intercept: -2.132
Theil-Sen estimator slope: 0.999
Theil-Sen intercept: -0.004
least trimmed squares slope: 1.0
least trimmed squares intercept: -0.003
random outliers
ideal slope: 1
ideal intercept: 0
simple linear regression slope: 0.639
simple linear regression intercept: 8.915
RANSAC slope: 0.997
RANSAC intercept: -0.111
Theil-Sen estimator slope: 1.0
Theil-Sen intercept: 0.006
least trimmed squares slope: 1.0
least trimmed squares intercept: -0.004
one big outlier
ideal slope: 1
ideal intercept: 0
simple linear regression slope: 0.97
simple linear regression intercept: -48.996
RANSAC slope: 1.0
RANSAC intercept: 0.004
Theil-Sen estimator slope: 1.0
Theil-Sen intercept: -0.001
least trimmed squares slope: 1.0
least trimmed squares intercept: 0.001
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